James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick

James FitzJames
Duke of Berwick
Spouse(s)	Honora de Burgh Anne Bulkeley
Issue
James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick Henry James Fitzjames, 2nd Duke of Fitzjames Henriette de Fitzjames François Fitz-James, 3rd Duke of Fitzjames Henry Fitzjames Charles de Fitzjames, 4th Duke of Fitzjames Laure Anne de Fitzjames Marie Emilie de Fitzjames Edouard de Fitzjames Anne Sophie de Fitzjames Anne de Fitzjames
Noble family	House of FitzJames
Father	James II of England
Mother	Arabella Churchill
Born	21 August 1670 Moulins, Kingdom of France
Died	12 June 1734

James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
Born	21 August 1670
Died	12 June 1734
Allegiance	Stuart-ruled England Royaume de France
Rank	Marshal of France

James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Fitz-James, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica (21 August 1670 – 12 June 1734) was an Anglo-French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough. In 1695 he married Honora de Burke, the daughter of William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde and the widow of the 1st Earl of Lucan, who died in 1698. His second marriage, with Anne Bulkeley, daughter of Henry Bulkeley, took place in 1700.

Contents 1 History 2 Marriages and children 3 Ancestry 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links

History

FitzJames was born at Moulins in France before his father's accession to the throne, and was brought up a Roman Catholic and educated in the College of Juilly, the Collège du Plessis, and the Jesuit College of La Flèche. He went into the service of Charles, Duke of Lorraine and was present at the siege of Buda. FitzJames was created Duke of Berwick, Earl of Tinmouth and Baron Bosworth by his father in 1687.^[1] He then returned to Hungary and participated at the Battle of Mohács.

Berwick returned to England and was made Governor of Portsmouth. King James made him a Knight of the Garter, but due to the invasion of the Prince of Orange and the subsequent Glorious Revolution, the installation never took place. In the following year, James was overthrown and Berwick went into exile with him, taking an active part in the Irish campaign, including the Battle of the Boyne. After his father's final exile, Berwick served in the French army. He fought at the battles of Steenkerque and Landen. At the latter, Berwick was taken prisoner, but was exchanged for the Duke of Ormonde. Because of his support for his father and service in the French army against England, he was attainted in 1695, and his British peerages forfeit.

As a soldier, Berwick was highly esteemed for his courage, abilities and integrity. As a result of distinguished service in the War of the Spanish Succession, he became a French subject and was appointed a Marshal of France after his successful expedition against Nice in 1706. On 25 April 1707, Berwick won the great and decisive victory of Almanza, where an Englishman at the head of a Franco-Spanish army defeated Ruvigny, a Frenchman at the head of an Anglo-Portuguese-Dutch army. After Almanza, Berwick was created Duque de Liria y Xérica (English: Duke of Liria and Jérica) and Lieutenant of Aragon by Philip V of Spain in 1707, and Duc de Fitz-James (English: Duke of Fitz-James) in the Peerage of France by Louis XIV in 1710. The last great event of the War of the Spanish Succession was the storming of Barcelona by Berwick, after a long siege, on 11 September 1714.

Not long thereafter, Berwick was appointed military governor of the province of Guienne, where he became friendly with Montesquieu. In 1718 he found himself under the necessity of once more entering Spain with an army; and this time he had to fight against Philip V (War of the Quadruple Alliance). Many years of peace followed this campaign, and Berwick was not again called to serve in the field until 1733. In that year he was chosen to lead the Army of the Rhine in the War of the Polish Succession, successfully besieging Kehl in 1733, but was decapitated by a cannon ball at the Siege of Philippsburg, 12 June 1734.

Berwick had children by both his marriages. His descendants were the French Ducs de Fitz-James and the Spanish Duques de Liria and later the Dukes of Alba.

Marriages and children

James was married twice, first to Lady Honora de Burke or de Burgh, Countess de Lucan on 26 March 1695. They had one child together.

1. James Francis Fitz-James Stuart, or Jacobo Francisco Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Duque de Liria, 2nd Duque de Xérica, (21 October 1696 - 2 June 1738, Naples, Italy). He married Catalina Ventura Colón de Portugal, Duquesa de Veragua, and Duquesa de la Vega, a descendant of Christopher Columbus.

He was appointed a Knight of the Golden Fleece in 1714.

In 18 April 1700 he was remarried, this time to Anne Bulkeley, with whom he had ten children.

1. Henry James Fitzjames, described in France as Jacques de Fitjames, 1st Duke of Fitzjames
2. Henriette de Fitzjames
3. François Fitz-James, 3rd Duke of Fitzjames, Bishop of Soissons
4. Henry Fitzjames, governor of Limousin
5. Charles de Fitzjames, 4th Duke of Fitzjames
6. Laure Anne de Fitzjames
7. Marie Emilie de Fitzjames
8. Edouard de Fitzjames
9. Anne Sophie de Fitzjames
10. Anne de Fitzjames

Ancestry

Ancestors of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick

16. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley               8. James I of England                       17. Mary, Queen of Scots               4. Charles I of England                             18. Frederick II of Denmark               9. Anne of Denmark                       19. Sofie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin               2. James II of England                                   20. Antoine of Navarre               10. Henry IV of France                       21. Jeanne III of Navarre               5. Henrietta Maria of France                             22. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany               11. Marie de' Medici                       23. Johanna of Austria               1. James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick                                         24. Jasper Churchill               12. John Churchill                       25. Elizabeth Chaplet               6. Winston Churchill                             26. Henry Winston               13. Sarah Winston                       3. Arabella Churchill                                   28. John Drake               14. John Drake                       29. Dorothy Button               7. Elizabeth Drake                             30. John Boteler, 1st Baron Boteler of Bramfield               15. Eleanor Boteler                       31. Elizabeth Villiers             Berwick's uncle, his mother's brother the Duke of Marlborough, commanded British troops in the War of the Spanish Succession.

Notes

References

External links

• Honora De Burgo page

Military offices
Preceded by The Lord Ferrers	Colonel of The Princess Anne of Denmark's Regiment of Foot 1686–1688	Succeeded by John Beaumont
Preceded by The Earl of Gainsborough	Governor of Portsmouth 1687–1689	Succeeded by Thomas Tollemache
Preceded by The Earl of Oxford	Colonel of The Royal Regiment of Horse 1688	Succeeded by Earl of Arran
Preceded by The Lord Churchill	Captain and Colonel of the 3rd Troop of Horse Guards 1688–1689	Succeeded by The Lord Churchill
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Earl of Gainsborough Viscount Campden	Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1687–1688	Succeeded by The Marquess of Winchester
Preceded by The Earl of Gainsborough	Custos Rotulorum of Hampshire 1688
Peerage of England
New title	Duke of Berwick 1687–1695	Unclear forfeiture
Spanish nobility
New title	Duke of Berwick 1695–1734	Next: James Fitz-James Stuart
New title	Duke of Liria and Jérica 1707–1734
French nobility
New title	Duke of Fitz-James 1710–1734	Next: Henry James Fitz-James

Persondata
Name	Berwick, James Fitzjames, 1st Duke of
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	21 August 1670
Place of birth	Moulins, Kingdom of France
Date of death	12 June 1734
Place of death